Indonesia’s Trade Balance Surplus (NPI) increased to US$4.30 billion in May 2025 from US$0.16 billion (Figure 1). This increase was driven by a significant rise in non-oil and gas surplus to US$5.83 billion in May 2025 from US$1.51 billion in April 2025. The growth was contributed by animal and vegetable fats and oils, mineral and vegetable fuels, as well as iron and steel. Meanwhile, the oil and gas trade balance recorded a deficit of US$1.53 billion in May 2025, primarily due to the decline in crude oil and petroleum products. The NPI surplus has maintained its position for 61 months since May 2020.